| hacienda | | wanderer |
| conquistador | | anti-Catholic Christians |
| vaquero | | Spanish explorer |
| nomad | | founder of the Georgia colony |
| longhouse | | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| privateer | | holy wars |
| civilization | | religious dissenters |
| obsidian | | French fur trader |
| burgesses | | Confederation of Native American tribes |
| hidalgo | | Spanish fort |
| headright | | type of Native living quarters |
| Squanto | | allowed people to settle in one place |
| puritans | | rebirth |
| presidio | | company with many investors |
| joint stock company | | Plymouth Colony's early settlers |
| Holy Experiment | | destroyer of Native Amrican cultures |
| Pilgrims | | mythical American trade route |
| Columbian Exchange | | colony governed by the owner of the colony |
| proprietary colony | | New Spain ranch |
| Iroquois League | | early Virginia legislators |
| circumnavigate | | sail around the world |
| courier de bois | | Native American "teacher" |
| Crusades | | organization of society |
| Renaissance | | first English explorer |
| heretic | | settling of Pennsylvania Colony |
| line of demarcation | | volcanic glass |
| agricultural revolution | | low ranking noble |
| James Oglethorpe | | Spanish cowhand |
| John Cabot | | land given to Virginia settlers |
| Northwest Passage | | legal pirate |