| governors | | powerful empire that controled the Niger River (pg 334) |
| Timbuktu | | group of families that were farmers (pg 326) |
| Maghan | | spoken record of past events (pg 340) |
| Almoravids | | tells the history of Ghana (pg 341) |
| mosque | | a valuable resource for trade (pg 327) |
| province | | a valuable resource for trade, used on food (pg 327) |
| farmers | | the area where Mali lay which allowed people to control trade on the river (pg 334) |
| scholars | | metal that helped Ghana gain strength (pg 327) |
| Muslims | | religious world Mansa Musa introduced Mali to (pg 335) |
| Ghanaempire | | son of Mansa, weakened the Mali empire (pg 337) |
| bone | | a second reason for Ghana's decline (pg 330) |
| Dejenne | | ruler of Mali (pg 334) |
| Nigerriver | | storytellers of early West Africa (pg 340) |
| Askiathegreat | | set up by Askia to help maintain order in Songhai (pg 338) |
| griots | | rival empire to Mali (pg 337) |
| internalrebellion | | new crop introduced by Sundiata (pg 334) |
| Kente | | other armies had weapons made of this (pg 327) |
| silentbarter | | another city that became a center of learning (pg 338) |
| overgrasing | | ruler who made Timbuktu flourish (pg 338) |
| honey | | short sayings of wisdom of truth (pg 341) |
| gold | | a process in which people exchange goods without ever contacting each other directly (pg 328) |
| Mali | | a building for Muslim prayer (pg337) |
| oralhistory | | very important trade city for Mali (pg 335) |
| Sundiata | | religion of Songhai rulers (pg 337) |
| Soninke | | empire that lay between Niger and Senegal Rivers (pg 326) |
| Berbers | | The Songhai capital (pg 337) |
| Songhai | | the first people of Ghana participated in this activity (pg 326) |
| proverbs | | kings acted as these when conquored by Ghana, answering only to the King (pg 330) |
| Dausi | | most famous Mali ruler (pg 335) |
| Islamic | | hand-woven, brightly colored fabric (pg 343) |
| Gao | | Muslim group that weakened Ghana to collapse (pg 330) |
| MansaMusa | | a third factor for Ghana's decline (pg 330) |
| salt | | these were sent to study in Morocco (pg 335) |
| iron | | traded with Songhai because of similar religion (pg 337) |
| cotton | | the empire reached it's peak under this king (pg 330) |
| TunkaManin | | trade resource that came from the south (pg 329) |
