| Peptides | | Brain and spinal cord |
| Polarization | | a graded depolarization |
| Mitochondria | | a rapid depolarization and slight reversal of the usual polarization |
| Glucose | | temporary hyperpolarization of a membrane |
| Tectum | | Toward the back |
| BBB | | simple sugar |
| SNS | | Toward the stomach |
| Neurotransmitters | | Chain of amino acids |
| Afferent | | Synthesizes new protein molecules |
| Meninges | | Cell bodies and dendrites |
| Gray Matter | | myelinated axons |
| Depolarization | | the chemicals that are released by one neuron at the synapse and that affect another |
| Tegmentum | | an insulating material composed of fats and proteins |
| CNS | | Information away from the structure |
| Synapse | | The nerves that convey messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles and glands |
| IPSP | | Structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment |
| Axon hillock | | Information into the structure |
| Dorsal | | Structure of the cell that performs metabolic activity |
| Myelin | | the intermediate level of the midbrain |
| Neurons | | Part of CNS found within the spinal column |
| Midbrain | | facilitates vegetative, nonemergency responses by organs |
| Active Transport | | network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to other locations |
| EPSP | | increased polarization |
| Spinal Cord | | posterior part of brain consisting of medulla and pons, midbrain, and cerebellum |
| ER | | Prepares organs for vigorous activity |
| Medulla | | reduction of polarization |
| Nucleus | | Structure of the cell that contains the chromosomes |
| Ventral | | the mechanism that keeps most chemicals out of the vertebrate brain |
| Action Potential | | a swelling where the axon exits the soma |
| Pituitary | | a difference in electrical charge between two locations |
| White Matter | | elaborated extension of the spinal cord |
| Hyperpolarization | | the roof of the midbrain |
| Efferent | | The nerves outside the brain and spinal cord |
| PNS | | protein mediated process that expends energy to pump chemicals from the blood into the brain |
| Ribosomes | | endocrine gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus |
| Hindbrain | | membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater |
| Sympathetic | | Gap between two neurons |
| Membrane | | cells that receive information and transmit it to other cells |
| Parasympathetic | | automatic muscular response to stimuli |
| Reflexes | | the middle of the brain |
